Symbols for copolymerization

New Statistical Models for Copolymerization

For many years, copolymerization has been studied using mathematical and statistical models. Here, we present new Markov chain models for copolymerization kinetics: the Bernoulli and Geometric models. They model copolymer synthesis as a random process and are based on a basic reaction scheme. In contrast to previous Markov chain approaches to copolymerization, both models take variable chain le...

Copolymerization Using Lipase Catalyst

Enzymatic ring-opening copolymerization of lactones was carried out by using Pseudomonas f luorescens lipase in bulk. In the copolymerizaton of r-caprolactone (E-CL) and b-valerolactone at 60°C for 10 days a copolymer with molecular weight of 3.7 x 103 was obtained and its structure was found to be of random structure having both units from 13C NMR anlaysis. Effects of the feed ratio, the react...

Catalysts for CO2/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization

This article summarizes and reviews recent progress in the development of catalysts for the ring-opening copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. The copolymerization is an interesting method to add value to carbon dioxide, including from waste sources, and to reduce pollution associated with commodity polymer manufacture. The selection of the catalyst is of critical importance to contr...

Sequence selection during copolymerization.

We analyze a simple model for the copolymerization of two chemically distinct monomers that displays a wide variety of product sequence compositions depending on the rate coefficients for the stepwise addition of each monomer to a growing polymer chain. We show that in certain regions of parameter space the copolymer sequence composition depends sensitively on these parameter values, and we com...

Arrow Symbols: Theory for Interpretation